All Fermi answers
Fermi #112 · Question 2

How many rivets hold the Eiffel Tower together?

Explore the official answer and the simple reasoning behind this Fermi estimate.

2QUESTION 2 OF 3

Answer & explanation

The official answer, with Fermi’s reasoning step by step.

The Eiffel Tower under construction

The Eiffel Tower under construction

Black and white photo of the unfinished Eiffel Tower over Paris, its iron legs and first floor done and the top still a stub of open girders

Illustration from Fermi.gg

Answer & explanation

Official answer

2,500,000

rivets

How to estimate it

Fermi’s official “Napkin math”

The tower is probably about 1,000 feet tall. There are rivets across nearly every surface since it was built before welding. Let's break it down to a smaller number, like how many rivets per 10 feet of tower? Way more on the bottom half (four legs) than the top. Maybe 25,000 rivets on average? That kinda checks out, there are a lot of rivets.

Tower height
~1,000 ft
1,000 ÷ 10
100 sections
Rivets per 10 ft
≈ 25,000
100 × 25,000
≈ 2,500,000

Rounded assumptions may give a slightly different estimate. The official answer above is the game’s reference value.

Source calculation & reference
Placed at the Levallois-Perret workshop, about two-thirds
≈ 1,700,000
Placed on site, about one-third
+ ≈ 800,000
Total in the metal structure (official site)
≈ 2,500,000

Reference cited by Fermi: Official Eiffel Tower site (SETE)

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