All Fermi answers
Fermi #109 · Question 3

How many BILLY bookcases has IKEA sold since the design launched in 1979?

Explore the official answer and the simple reasoning behind this Fermi estimate.

3QUESTION 3 OF 3

Answer & explanation

The official answer, with Fermi’s reasoning step by step.

IKEA's BILLY disassembly instructions

IKEA's BILLY disassembly instructions

IKEA's BILLY disassembly instruction sheet, six drawn steps for taking a bookcase apart

Illustration from Fermi.gg

Answer & explanation

Official answer

140,000,000

bookcases

How to estimate it

Fermi’s official “Napkin math”

Oh boy, let's try and get close. I don't have a good feel for how many are sold each year, so let's start with homes. 8B people makes 2B homes, assuming 4 people to a home. How many homes have ever had a BILLY bookcase since 1979? I'd say at least 1 in 20.

People on Earth
8,000,000,000
About 4 to a home
≈ 2 billion homes
1 in 20 homes
≈ 100 million

Rounded assumptions may give a slightly different estimate. The official answer above is the game’s reference value.

Source calculation & reference
Sold by May 2022 (IKEA newsroom)
more than 120 million
One sold every 5 seconds (IKEA) for 2.6 more years
+ 16 million
Sold by December 2024 (Ingka Group, IKEA Retail)
over 140 million

Reference cited by Fermi: IKEA Retail (Ingka), Dec 2024

How close was your guess?

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